If a patient has stage IV bladder cancer, they have reached the point where the tumor has spread to other parts of the body. This is also known as metastatic bladder cancer. At this stage, a patient may choose to receive treatment. The treatment may be to improve the patient’s...

Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease where the lung tissue becomes thick, stiff, and scarred. This scarring of the lung tissue makes it more difficult for lungs to take in air, meaning that someone with pulmonary fibrosis will have trouble breathing. Pulmonary fibrosis will continue to progress in a...

Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease that is caused by the scarring of the lungs. With time, the scar tissue may eventually destroy the normal lung tissue, which makes it hard for oxygen to move through the lungs and into the blood. This then leads to shortness of breath,...

is an injectable medication used in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) who have had a first attack and showing lesions on an MRI scan. Injecting a patient with can help to reduce the number of flare-ups, as well as any MS disease progression. is formulated from beta-1a....

, or , is an immunomodulatory injectable drug that helps with the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms. The drug is made up of four basic amino acids found in the myelin sheaths of nerve fibres.  proves to be effective in reducing the frequency of relapse in patients with...

or  is a medication used in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to help make walking easier for them. doesn’t work to help MS symptoms from getting worse, nor will it impede the progression of the disease, but it will help improve patients’ mobility. How Does Work? works by making the...

Ocrevus or ocrelizumab is a new drug approved for treating patients with relapsing or primary progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is the first and only approved disease-modifying therapy for primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Ocrevus was approved for use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Understanding...

() is a medication that is used to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). While is not a cure for MS, it is thought to help with MS by preventing the immune system cells—called lymphocytes—from attacking the nerves of the brain and the spinal cord. helps to decrease the worsening...

Ocrevus or ocrelizumab is a new drug for treating primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and relapsing MS. It is the first therapy for treating primary progressive MS approved by the FDA. What Is Ocrevus? Ocrevus is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the molecule CD20 on the surface of immune...

() is one of the new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) that help to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib). How  () Works directly inhibits the coagulation factor Xa, which is one of the factors that contribute to blood clot formation. In this matter, helps to prevent...

Atrial fibrillation, otherwise known as AFib or AF, is a condition in which the heart beats irregularly. This irregular beating can lead to blood clot formation in the upper chambers of the heart (the atria). If the blood clot breaks free, it can move into the brain, restricting blood flow access...

Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease in which the lung tissue becomes scarred, thus making it harder to take in oxygen. Hence, the primary symptom of pulmonary fibrosis is difficulty breathing. The disease is progressive, meaning that it will only become more difficult to breathe as time goes on....

There are a number of treatments available for pulmonary fibrosis. These include medications, oxygen therapy, non-medical treatments, and, in some cases, lung transplantation. Medications for Pulmonary Fibrosis Drug therapy for pulmonary fibrosis will vary by patient. The main options include , pirfenidone, corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid, and azathioprine. ()...

Lung scarring caused by pulmonary fibrosis is neither reversible nor is there a treatment that has been proved effective in stopping the progression of the disease. However, there are treatments that can improve symptoms temporarily or even slow the disease’s progression. Many treatments are also focused on improving the...

There are different treatment options available for bladder cancer. Outside of surgery and radiation therapy, there’s also chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It works by stopping the cancer cells’ ability to grow and divide. A patient may be given one drug at a...

Once bladder cancer has reached an advanced stage, the first thing that is done is often a transurethral resection. This is done to determine how much the cancer has advanced or the extent of its spread. Stage III Bladder Cancer After determining how far the cancer has grown, the...

It is common for people not to realize that they have herpes, often because symptoms do not present themselves at first. Genital herpes often does not have symptoms and when symptoms do occur, they can easily be mistaken for something else. It is important to receive the proper herpes...

, or , is used to treat infections that are caused by various viruses. The drug is used to treat cold sores around the mouth and chickenpox in children. In adults, is used to treat shingles and cold sores around the mouth. is also used to treat genital herpes....

You cannot cure herpes, but there are various treatment options available. One of the most commonly prescribed treatments for herpes is antivirals. These include acyclovir, famciclovir, and . Antivirals help to lessen the transmission rates of herpes. They also help to reduce the severity of outbreaks. When taken daily,...

IBRANCE (palbociclib) is an oral formulation that treats metastatic breast cancers that have maintained disease progression post endocrine therapy. Breast cancer is the carcinoma of the breast tissue, either ductal or lobular. In ductal carcinomas, the tubes of the breast that carry milk to the nipple are affected. For...

() is a drug found to potentially be effective in the treatment of certain kinds of breast cancer. is an immune checkpoint inhibitor, which is an immunotherapy. Immunotherapy medications use the immune system to attack cancer cells. Most immunotherapies use either a naturally made (in your body) substance or a...

As medical experts gain a more thorough understanding of how variations in cancer cells lead them to replicate uncontrollably, they formulate and design new medications that directly address these cellular variations. The purpose of these new targeted therapies is to inhibit the growth as well as their ability to spread...

It is more than expected to be riddled with questions upon learning that you have advanced breast cancer—also known as metastatic breast cancer or stage IV cancer. The purpose of any advanced breast cancer treatment is to lengthen patients’ survival time, as well as improve their quality of life....

Advanced breast cancer—also known as metastatic breast cancer and stage 4 breast cancer—means that a patient’s tumor has spread to other tissues and organs in the body. In a majority of cases, breast cancer spreads to the bones, liver, lungs, or even brain. The spread of a breast tumor...

When you have atrial fibrillation (AFib or AF), it means that you have an abnormal heart rhythm or arrhythmia. In AFib, the atria (upper chambers of the heart) beat irregularly, causing them to beat out of sync with the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). This can cause blood...

The traditional treatment for preventing stroke caused by atrial fibrillation (AFib or AF) has been and -type drugs, which are anticoagulants. has been used to prevent blood clots for over 70 years in patients. For a long time, -type drugs were the only form of anticoagulant available. Now, however,...

When taking any medication for any sort of heart condition, it is important to continue taking the medication— unless your primary physician advises otherwise—and to track your medication intake. Discontinuing any medication, even if you believe you are feeling better, may cause your condition to worsen. Atrial fibrillation (AFib or...

(tocilizumab) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in adults. The drug is a biologic medication that helps with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. is also approved to treat adults with giant cell arteritis (GCA), along with Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (PJIA) and Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) in patients...

Rheumatoid arthritis can affect many areas of the body, including the arms. There is a variety of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis arm pains. The main goal of pain relief is inflammation control. Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Arm Pains You may need to try a combination of treatment options to...

Rheumatoid arthritis can often affect the foot as well as the ankle, causing pain in the area. There are ways of managing this pain, some of which involve surgery and some of which don’t. Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Ankle Pain Sometimes, the only way for some patients to relieve...

Rheumatoid arthritis can affect the entire the body. There are overall treatments, but there are also non-surgical and surgical treatment options specifically for rheumatoid arthritis affecting the foot. Non-Surgical Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Pain For non-surgical treatment options, patients can try physical therapy, foot massage, footbaths, supportive shoes, orthotics,...

When traveling to a foreign country, it is always helpful to know a few key phrases to make getting around and interacting with locals that much easier. With these language-centered apps for your phone, you won’t have the need for a translator. Or, if you have the time, you...

English can be a pretty difficult language, but using a translation service can make it a little easier to grasp and understand. Trying to figure out a word or phrase? Use one of these top translation services to learn something new and get one step closer to being fluent...

There are various new treatments for bladder cancer and research is being done to improve existing treatments. Surgery For bladder cancer, surgery consists of doing a cystectomy. Some doctors are now doing what is called a robotic cystectomy, which is where they operate robotic arms to perform the surgery...

C—or -C Kyowa—is a treatment for several different kinds of cancer, including bladder cancer. In the case of early-stage bladder cancer, C is usually administered into a patient’s bladder via a catheter. As will often be the case, a patient will have a blood test first. This is to...

Whether you’re attempting to learn a new language or you’re traveling to a foreign country that speaks a different language, a language translator app is one of the best ways to help you adapt to your surroundings. If you want an app that is specified for the language you...

When you’re traveling to a foreign country on a business trip, the last thing you want to face is a language barrier. Not being able to communicate with those you’re visiting in a different country can make accomplishing the goal of your trip significantly more difficult. Language translator apps...

Having tooth pain is never fun and often becomes disruptive to your everyday life. Whenever you experience stubborn tooth pain, make visiting your dentist a priority. While you are awaiting your appointment, here are some tips for temporary tooth pain relief. Tooth Pain Relief Gargling Saltwater Before your visit to the...

Hemophilia doesn’t have a cure, but there are treatments available to help manage hemophilia. What treatment patients receive will depend on the type of hemophilia they have. Adynovate is one of the treatments used to help patients who have hemophilia A. Patients with hemophilia A either don’t have enough...

Dupixent or dupilumab is a biologic that is prescribed to help treat eczema. Biologics (biologic drugs) are targeted therapies that use human DNA to treat various diseases at the immune system level. They can be taken either subcutaneously, which is through the skin, or intravenously, which would be injected through...

is an oral medication that helps to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure, such as atrial fibrillation (Afib). is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Other ARBs include (), (), and (). Angiotensin receptor blockers stop angiotensin from attaching to receptors, which is what causes blood vessels to...

There are many potential causes of chronic constipation that many people are not aware of. Here is a list of common causes (and some not so common causes) of chronic constipation. Lifestyle and Diet The most common causes of constipation are a poor diet and lack of physical activity....

In most cases of chronic eczema, several treatment courses will be necessary to get the symptoms under control. This may be a combination of at-home treatments as well as prescribed medications. What works best will vary person-to-person. Below is a list of some of the treatments available to patients...

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a condition in which skin becomes dry, red, and itchy. Rashes form that can sometimes lead to skin infections. Eczema is most common in infants and children, but it can occur in adults as well. Treatment of Eczema Unfortunately, there is no...

Dupixent is prescribed to patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, which is also known eczema. It is injected subcutaneously once every other week. How Dupixent Treats Eczema In a normally functioning immune system, a protein called interleukin (IL) fights off the viruses and bacteria attacking our bodies. However,...

Eczema occurs when the immune system is under attack and gets weakened. Sometimes, contact with allergens and detergents in the environment can irritate the skin in a person predisposed to eczema, leading to skin rashes and severe itchiness. Skin will become red and inflamed. Scratching can lead to further...

Atopic dermatitis, otherwise known as eczema, often begins in childhood in individuals who have an inherited predisposition to the condition. A person with atopic dermatitis has sensitive skin that is prone to redness, flaking, itching, and inflammation. Acute atopic dermatitis causes weeping, oozing plaques of itchy skin. Most treatment...

The treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema) will depend on what type of rash you have. If your eczema is mild, it can likely be dealt with by using moisturizers—those moisturizers that emphasize skin barrier repair in particular. Mild atopic dermatitis will also require preventative self-care. Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) Treatments...

Atopic dermatitis, more commonly known as eczema, is a condition marked by red, itchy skin. With eczema, the skin is unable to protect itself from environmental factors, and the result is the outer layer losing hydration and developing microscopic cracks and inflammation. Many treatments have been developed to help...

There are various forms of treatment for varicose eczema, all of which are aimed at improving the condition of the skin, treating the symptoms, and improving blood circulation. Usually, patients with varicose eczema will be put under a long-term treatment plan that combines several different techniques. These include self-help...